Codes are meant to help mechanics get pointed in the right direction when there is a fault. It is not meant to be gospel truth. An error on the throttle body suggests cleaning first, checking electrical connections second, and replacing last.
Same goes for cat codes. The Volvo cats are well designed and normally last over 300,000 miles. They do give out when abused, like ignoring O2 sensor codes, burning a lot of antifreeze or engine oil, or pouring leaded Mexican gasoline into the tank.
I get a code that my cat is dead if I let the car idle in gear for more than 10 minutes - like stop and go rush hour. I have replaced both O2 sensors, but I suspect the previous owner neglected the car badly.
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Keeping it running is better than buying new
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