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Using your multimeter, you should encounter come manner of resistance at pin #2 of round connector #31 on the Volvo 240 1992.pdf page 23 of 23 as found in:
http://www.volvowiringdiagrams.com/
Negative DC probe set to resistance or continuity using black negative meter probe at pin one while positive red probe contacts positive DC volts as battery voltage, safely.
https://www.brickboard.com/FAQ/700-900/ElectricalInstruments.htm#TemperatureGaugeFluctuates
If open, fault at the wire harness in between or at the sensor. On my 1990 240 DL Wagon, occasionally I have to wiggle the wire term secured to the temp gauge sensor under the #2 air intake port runner tube.
Yet the post on the instrument cluster, or some other point, could have a break. Though grounding the sensor proves no fault at the instrument cluster for the temp gauge.
I believe the sensor wire is collected into the wire harness sheath, through the bulkhead firewall plate sealing grommet, and under the dash.
(Not through the occasionally troublesome large grey block connector, at the center top of bulkhead direwall, clipped to the top seam or lip, the D+ from the instrument cluster head travels through to get to the alternator.)
Hope that helps. I'm unsure my description here.
No Elec. Motor Co. Tech Writer jobby for me, boyeeeeeeee.
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