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I just bought a mint 965 to play around with and it has the flashing transmission arrow. I pulled the code from the TCM and got 311 rpm signal missing.
Per the Aw-40 diagnosis manual the speed sensor should ohm out between 400-800 at the tranny connector and the TCM connector. I get around 600 ohms in both spots.
Went to the pick n pull and grabbed a TCM from a 92 (lucky hit). Swapped them out and still no joy? Should I have grabbed the speed sensor? The troubleshooting guide would say its good to go? Anyone have this issue before?
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1992 965 Black
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My fuel gauge was dead when I got my 940 recently. Soldering brought it back but only intermittent. Finally I checked the resistance from the tank sensor to the
instrument cluster connector 16.5 ohms.. Then I needed to remove the rheostat can to verify the final track to the gas gauge and it was OK. Then I looked at the harness connector with a magnifying headset and didn't see much.
So I took a stiff dental pick and tightened the two sensor pins at the harness connector (not too much) and put a very tiny coat of dielectric silicone on top of the cheesy plastic connector so as not to damage the plastic connector. The gauge has been solid for a week.
Maybe you have the same problem with loose speedo connector pins?
Good luck, Bill
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Hi O850,
I too have a 1992 965. All kinds of trans shifting difficulties and flashing arrows. The wrecking yard (PicknPull) provided from a '93 960 a TCM and read diff speed sensor. No change. Speedometer now indicating all over the place or at 0 mph.
Reading around I came across this write up:
https://www.brickboard.com/FAQ/700-900/ElectricalSpeedometerRepair.htm
The 1991-1992 740/940/960 speedometer are interchangeable. The "Yazaki"...
I found a donor speedometer out of a '91 940. Bought replacement capacitors online. Using Davide D's (Thank you!) write up I was able to complete the cap swap. Pulling the speedo from my 965 I looked at the four capacitors and you could tell they were bad. Electrolyte had made a mess of the circuit board and under the chip. Apparently, there were a whole bunch of faulty capacitors shipped and installed in the 1991-92 740/940/960 models.
The job was a little intimidating at first- but following the steps got me through the repair.
I don't recall if there was a 311 code. My indications were the flashing arrow and a 232 code.
I'm always on the lookout for another 1991-92 740/940/960 speedometer as a backup on the the shelf.
Jeff
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This seems to be where I am heading. I guess ill go back to the picknpull and grab the Speedo for a spare. Interesting that I see no problems reporting the actual speed (dropouts or inaccuracy) but it seems I've eliminated the easy stuff.
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1992 965 Black
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If you find a donor vehicle the instrument cluster is $40+. It’s easy to just take the cluster apart and remove the speedometer from the rest of the group. Saves a few $$…
Sent from my iPhone
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Replaced the 4 caps last night. It had been done before. Two looked like they might have leaked again. Still getting the same 311 tcm code but the idle seems smoother, maybe just in my head.
Going to have to grab the donor car cluster and hunt down the backordered hall sensor for the transmission to really chase this down.
At this point I'm thinking a transmission swap for something non electronically controlled would be easier...
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1992 965 Black
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Dear Orange850T,
Hope you're well and stay so. Have you, or have you not, inspected and/or replaced the transmission-mounted speed sensor? If not, I strongly you suggest you take al look at it, before seeking a replacement transmission.
In the 940s, the Aisin-Warner transmissions (AW70, 71 and 72) have proved to be very durable, to the point that they seem to outlast the car.
To assess the tranny's health, look at the fluid (ATF). If the ATF is fresh, it should be a clear, rosy read. The ATF should be replaced if: (a) it is very dark red (old); (b) brown/black (dirty); (c) if it is "orange", it has been over-heated and needs to be replaced with fresh fluid. Old/dirty/burned fluid first should be replaced with Wal-Mart brand fluid, which - after 1,000 miles - should be replaced with Mobil 1 synthetic ATF. See the FAQs for how to "flush" the ATF.
Key point: the 3-1-1 code is very specific to a sensor. That sensor should be the first item to be assessed.
Hope this helps.
Yours faithfully,
Spook
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Thanks Spook.
The volvo sensor is backordered everywhere. The aw30-40LE transmission is used in many Toyota vehicles. I grabbed a new sensor for an 05 Sequoia and spliced it in (it ohm'd identical to the volvo one) and no change in operation. I believe I have narrowed it down to the speedometer head.
I was combing the wiring diagrams and there is a grn-blk from the speedo to the TCM and a grn-blk from the transmission speed sensor to the TCM. The asin-warner documentation for the a340e says the speedometer mounted rpm sensor is primary and the transmission is secondary/backup.
I think I am going to try jumping the two wires together to see if that bypasses the dead speedometer. I am also looking for a 92-94 instrument cluster to swap out. If I can get a 94 then several of the volvo dealerships have new replacement speedometer heads in stock (per their websites).
Anybody know if those grn-blk wires carry the same signal / pulse count? I don't have a fluke, or a working speedometer head either...
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1992 965 Black
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Dear Orange850T,
Hope you're well. For instrument cluster interchangeability, see the FAQs. If I recall correctly, clusters from 1991 and 1992 models interchange, but do not interchange with clusters used in cars made in 1993 and 1994. And cars made in 1995 have a cluster, that does not interchange with earlier models, owing to a change in wiring harness connector format.
Hope this helps.
Yours faithfully,
Spook
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Indeed, according to this:
https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/faq/ElectricalInstrumentClusterInterchangeability.htm
The speedometer heads are not interchangeable but the cluster is as long as the fuel gauge is either swapped or the circuit is modified.
Am I having fun yet?
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1992 965 Black
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Dear Orange850T,
Hope you're well and stay so! If the speed sensor (#3547699) is the factory-original item, it is about 30 years old and well past the end of its service life.
On 940s - with which I'm most familiar - the RPM sensor (crankshaft speed sensor) fails because a crack in the the sensor's wiring insulation sheath lets moisture get to the wires. That can disrupt the sensor's signal. When that happens on 940s, the engine stops: loss of the sensor's signal causes the engine control module to shut down the fuel pump. (This is a safety "feature": should an accident damage a fuel hose/pipe, loss of the sensor's signal stops the fuel pump and thus limits fire risk.)
So, the 3-1-1 code could have been "set" because a failed wiring harness caused signal loss, not because the sensor itself had failed.
Alternatively, corrosion on the sensor's wiring harness connector may have disrupted the signal. To remove corrosion - which may not be visible - an aerosol corrosion-remover, e.g., Deoxit, should be used on the sensor wiring harness connector. Sometimes, an invisibly-thin layer of corrosion can disrupt a circuit.
A sensor taken from a salvage yard car might work. But that sensor, too, could be about 30 years old and so at the end of its service life.
A replacement sensor is available for under US$50, see: https://www.fcpeuro.com/products/volvo-reference-sensor-rpm-850-s70-v70-c70-960-s90-v90-3547699 .
In short, I'd get a factory-fresh sensor - and having used a corrosion-remover on the wiring harness connector - I'd install it.
Hope this helps.
Yours faithfully,
Spook
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According to the OBD table in this site’s FAQ, 3-1-1 refers to the speedometer signal.
Are the 960s Motronic?
Am I all wet?
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Dear Chris Mullet,
Hope you're well. According to the Volvo pocket data booklet - Cars (700, 850, 900) 1991-1996, OBD Code (from Port A1 [Transmission]) 3-1-1 = Engine Speed Signal from Gearbox Absent. This code is applicable to vehicles with AW30-43 and 50-42 transmissions.
This sensor is Volvo #3514651. It is available from https://www.fcpeuro.com/Parts/?keywords=3515641 . The cost is just under US$100.
Based on the picture shown on the www.fcpeuro.com website, this under-body-mounted sensor's two wires are exposed to the elements. While there's a protective plastic sleeve, the wires themselves are exposed where they enter the wiring harness connector and the sensor's body, rather than surrounded by molded-on plastic sheathing. Thus, it would not surprise me if the wires have failed.
According to the parts diagram shown in Volvo VADIS - a superseded dealer parts/service database - this sensor is mounted on the driver's side of the transmission, about mid-way up, just to the rear of the bell-housing.
Hope this helps.
Yours faithfully,
Spook
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Hi,
I see that it looks like a crankshaft sensor and probably works in the same way as they are all proximity sensors sensing a diameter with a space or spaces.
One would only have to get the length check out and if it was too long shim it upwards.
If it’s too short the bracket would have to be skinned down, I mean machined, (:) thinner!
Luck would be, the idiots changed the diameters to make each a proprietary part!
Phil
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Dear machine man,
Hope you're well. Both sensors - crankshaft and engine speed - are available from Volvo or an aftermarket parts supplier. So, there's no need for work-arounds.
Hope this helps.
Yours faithfully,
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Thanks for the insight. The crankshaft sensor doesn't appear to have a direct connection to the TCM. Would it set a code in socket A1? Seems that would be a moronic code also and I have no A2 codes at all.
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1992 965 Black
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Thanks, Spook, for straightening me out. For some reason I thought the discussion was directed toward the crankshaft rpm sensor, not the trans rpm sensor. Now it all makes sense…..
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Hi,
Hum? I’m not a 900 man so I used the web site referenced.
From the web site provided it shows a flashing light down on the shifter. Is this the light you are referring too?
Check engine codes on the 240s are emissions codes in 1992. On those it’s a diagnostic box that blinks.
It looks like the shifter one warns the driver that the transmission is in a Winter mode that uses only upper gear range to reduce slipping the wheels loose.
The six cylinders do make a lot more torque at very low RPMs. They gotta get something more for two more pistons to go up and down. (:)
Is the transmission doing anything weird or do you like working on puzzles because their there?
I tinker, to just tinker, but a Sudoku game, every once in awhile. It’s a tantalizer that gets me!
A missing signal could be a corrupted signal from a corroded connection.
Signal shapes are compared to base signals in electronics.
Just a thought!
Phil
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https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/faq/EngineOBDCodes.html
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https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/faq/EngineOBDCodes.html
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Got that thanks! Doesn't help my transmission issue though.
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1992 965 Black
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