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Bruce,
An O2 sensor can fail due to:
1. Age
2. Being clogged up, due to running rich or burning oil. This is where other parts may indirectly cause the demise of the O2 sensor.
3. Contamination. Silicone is one known O2 sensor killer, never use silicone based lubes or sealants near the intake.
A catalytic converter can fail due to:
1. Age
2. Mechanical failure - the core breaks up, usually clogging the exhaust system.
3. Being clogged up, due to running rich or burning oil. A failed O2 sensor may cause the car to run rich, and clog up the cat.
4. Contamination. Leaded fuel will kill a catalytic converter. Besides the airport, I don't think you can buy leaded fuel anymore.
If a failed ignition power stage caused the car to "miss", rather than just completely die, enough raw fuel may have been dumped into to the exhaust to clog or burn up the O2 sensor or catalytic converter.
Other parts that may cause the car to run rich are the temperature sensor, worn/dirty/leaky fuel injectors, the fuel pressure regulator, the AMM or the ECU. The Bentley manual has instructions for testing those parts. Also, check for electrical problems (corrosion, loose contact) at the AMM, ECU, fuse box, underhood main FI fuse (near the power steering reservoir on the fender), and everywhere else.
I don't think there is any way a bad fuel pump could damage the O2 sensor.
Hope this helps!
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