Hi Alan,
>12.5v engine off, should be 12.6
>14.5v engine on. Too High-
Should be 14.0v
You'll be losing filament bulbs fast, and over charging the battery.
A voltage regulator issue- see if the brushes are worn out first.
Check the D+ wire to the alternator for a solid connection
If you can, check the level in each battery cell
>12v at headlight socket. Low
Maybe croaked LEDs, are those fanless (short life) LEDs?
If they have fans , see if they are working, if they quit the LED's will
overheat and shut down.
Hard to diagnose without the wiring diagram. How do folks do it?
Please provide a link to the Volvo wiring diagram for your car,
which is the #1 tool you need to troubleshoot wiring.
>Can led bulbs be checked out if the car directly connected to the battery?
No problem, LEDs run on a wide voltage input.
LED drivers include a DC to DC converter and LEDs run at a lower voltage.
DON'T LOOK AT AN LED HEADLIGHT WITHOUT WELDING GLASSES!
Cheers, Bill
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