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I was always under the impression that there were 2 valves inside oil filters.
One is the bypass valve so that excessive pressure doesn't blow the filter when it starts to get dirty and plug up.
The second was the anti-backflow valve so that once the engine was shut off all the oil in the filter wouldn't drain back into the oil pan. If the oil drains out of the filter then the first few seconds of cranking just refill the filter and don't put any oil into the engine.
This guy did some interesting stuff with oil filters. He didn't measure filtering ability, but he did tear them apart.
http://www.frankhunt.com/FRANK/corvette/articles/oilfilterstudy/oilfilterstudy.html
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Nathan Valles, Black 855R, Tint
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