Hi,

Yes you are correct. “no EFI issues would result in a car not trying to crank.“
Unless the engine turns nothing happens with the running system.

What worries me more is you think you have an aftermarket starter.
That is a tell all in itself.
There would have to have been a whole lot of cranking in order to wear out the original Bosch starter.

Since you think the aftermarket one bit the dust, one has to ask why has there been so much cranking.
It appears that one fault has lead to another. Like intertwined.
An engine out of tune is just the beginning of whether an CPS is involved or not. Cranking excessively take s a toll that rings bells, even if the bell is only thumped lightly in the beginning. 🤔🥴😵‍💫

TLC is definitely needed. That’s “Take a Look Carefully.” 🤭
These engines and their outer components are time tested to go miles counted by an extraordinary wide number column on the odometer for their time.
When compared to the others of USA’s domestic vehicles there was pride in Volvo’s glinting.
Even though the gears inside the odometers were junk! But that was another countries problem.

Good luck with the progress.
Phil