Thannks for all the help and suggestions. After playing around with the car a bit, I finally got it to fire and eventually idle.

Honestly I still don't get why it stopped working so abpruptly, but the biggest problem - at least in the troubleshooting is that the firing order was wrong!

My manual says that the distributor turns counter-clockwise and fires 1-3-4-2.
However, the engine actually fires 1-2-4-3 counter-clockwise. Considering the shape of the crank and observed movement of the pistons, this makes a lot more sense. #1 and #4 move together while #2 and #3 move together. So #1 would be dropping as #2 was rising, and #2 would be droping as #4 was rising, and #3 would be rising as #4 was droping. After trying a few random plug wire configurations, I finally got it right.

Anyway, my timing is a bit off, but after slowly rotating the distributor, I got the car to start roughly and then idle better. I was going to pick up a timing light anyway so I can get it in tune when time allows.