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This doesn't make a lot of sense, but here goes. First the M40 should sit in the 3-4 gate at all times, shifting into 1-2 or R requires movement of the lever and thus the selector inside the transmission. If, when underway, all shifts (up and down) are fine, then the synchro's are doing their job. If you can't access 1-2 gate from a standing start, then it could be that the shift pivot is worn - but it would have to be very warn for this to happen. When they wear, they tend to rotate clockwise(the pivot wears on oposite sides, causing rotation of the selector) and this makes engaging the gear difficult as the selector is not accessing the shifter fork correctly. Remove the rubber shift boot and large nut on the gear selector and check for play in the pivot. When underway there may be enough slack in things and movement to allow it to select the gear (hard to diagnose without more info), and you can shift an M40/41 without the clutch (not that I advise this, but my Dad use to do this all the time on our 245 - he rarely used the clutch and never ground a gear), they are pretty forgiving.
The fact that this just happened makes me thing synchros. Details?
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