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A few notions ...
Your symptoms are more problematic in low gears, so more torque ...
1. Check the clutch cable adjustment? As the clutch material wears, any clutch cable free-play is used up, reducing the clamping force when you engage the clutch (release the clutch pedal).
Reference the procedure in your Volvo 240 service manual (Bentley, Haynes).
Maybe here at https://www.brickboard.com/FAQ/700-900/TransmissionManual.htm
2. Another cause may be one or more broken motor mounts. The engine-transmission assembly can twist, and that can also exacerbate a tight clutch cable adjustment.
Though broken Volvo 240 motor mounts is dangerous. Especially is the transmission mount and one of the motor mounts (usually the driver side, I think.)
3. Rear main bearing (crank seal) leaks so much oil, the friction material of the clutch plate is oil-soaked and probably ruined. Clogged PCV flame trap / oil separator box.
4. Your clutch is worn out, and other components, require replacement.
You may need PCV cleaning, motor mount replacement, and clutch replacement outright.
When was the last time you checked the fluid in your M47 transmission. Best to use Redline MTL. Maybe up a single MTL weight from what the Redline web site recommends if high mileage on your M47 in that 1987 240 of yours. Search the brickboard for the manual transmission overfill method.
Me mindful of the reverse light switch wires under the transmission tunnel. Insulation wears, causes shorts.
Questions?
Search the brickboard. You may find info useful for you. Others may chime in.
Hope that helps.
Duff.
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