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Hi,
Just off the top I think you have a low flow rate through the radiator or from the engine.
The radiator shouldn’t have had rusty water in it.
If you just rebuilt the engine was there an inspection of the cooling jackets especially the ports up and through the head?
Maybe some sediments broke loose.
If you used a cleaner that stuff just put rust into the radiator. Radiator shops love it for selling radiators.
You should have it flow tested and it could be rodded out but most want to pop in a new one when the radiator fails flowing capacity.
It’s sad that people don’t use antifreeze or rust inhibitors, even like plain ole’ soluble oils before modern coolants. Todays chemistry prevents this action.
Heated water gains more strength through that extra energy being present.
It makes it a more aggressive solvent solution for removing iron by oxidation in less time.
The top hose is not hot enough as 160 degrees Fahrenheit is too cold.
I like 92 degree thermostats.
Being closer to 200+ degrees helps improves combustion efficiency. With a pressure cap it going to be even higher before it exits the head.
Since you have a infrared thermometer use it the top part of the radiator where the tubes are.
The thick rubber hoses are not as accurate for passing or showing true radiated heat signatures.
Measure downward and seek for the hottest horizontal tubes.
They might be scattered or not evenly dropping in temperature as you go down which means a stagnant flow or set of restricted tubes and fins. Fins do rot away on the tubes.
Overall the air temperature, from front to backside, should change only up to 30 degrees Fahrenheit maximum. Rule of thumb. That is a normal design outline but Most of the time, it’s less as that is a maximum capacity.
If that air isn’t then it’s the radiator isn’t working.
Poor circulation or it’s not getting the greatest amount of heat into that flow.
That’s why it’s confusing.
Your engine is running colder @ 88 C so the gauge needle should show opposite or lower down.
Normal just below half way and straight across for @ 92 C.
This cars instrument cluster shouldn’t have a digitally stepped compensation board that will lie to you from 1985 on.
I will say a new radiator cannot hurt anything but the wallet that will not feel lumpy anymore.🫤
Phil
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