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re: I've been through death valley on synthetic at over 125deg f outside with no pressure drop.
Of course not. Your thermostat is set at 180-190deg and therefore 125deg is nothing.
Now, if you were pulling heavy weight up a steep hill at 5mph ... Heat generated in an engine is directly proportional to engine rpm, and road speed has some effect on heat transfer to ambient air, but temp of that ambient air has little to do with it because it's never close to engine temp.
It's really only the left side of those viscocity recommendation charts that's important, because temp of the engine when not running is truly affected by ambient air temp and nothing the engine designer can do can affect that. However, the engine designer has all kinds of control over the temp of the engine when it's running and can quite easily overcome any challenges posed by ambient air temperature.
A LOT of engine designers these days are specifying ONLY synthetic oil, and 0W-40 is about the best there is. Best article on synthetic oil is
http://www.canadiandriver.com/articles/pb/synthetic.htm
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