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According to both the owners manual for an 86 740, and the Haynes book, compression is 8.7:1 for the Turbo, and 9.8:1 for the normally aspirated. Bore and stroke are identical. I think you will find the difference is in the pistons. The ones for the Turbo don't stick up quite as far, and therefore don't compress the mixture as much, though the stroke is the same.
The 83 "flat hood" 242 Turbo was a B21FT with higher than normal compression. It may have used the pistons of the B21F to achieve this. I'm not sure what other modifications were used to control pre-ignition (pinging) I don't think this engine had a knock sensor.
EGR works by lowering combustion temperatures. The intended purpose is to reduce NOx emissions.
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