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From the Volvo manual:
"If the ECM does not receive a signal from the RPM sensor for 40 crankshaft revolutions (estimated by the ECM from the CMP sensor signal), the ECM sets it as a fault 1-3-1."
Fault sources:
Signal lead shorted to Gnd.
Signal lead shorted to Hot.
Signal lead broken
Contact resistance in terminals
RPM sensor defect
The sensor is the Crankshaft Position Sensor mounted in back of the motor above the top of the flywheel.
If the engine doesn't start, fault is permanent and troubleshooting should start with measuring the resistance between the terminals of the sensor. Resistance should be between 240 & 400 Ohms. If this doesn't check okay, then sensor or leads to it are bad & sensor needs to be replaced.
If the resistance checks okay, then you start testing for the shorted to hot or grnd cases.
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