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Popping noises in the exhaust on upshift could indicate an overly lean condition, leading to misfire. The mixture doesn't burn completely and is still burning when the exhaust valve opens (the 'pop'). This also leads to excessive CO and HC from the incomplete combustion. As for NOX, lean burn can yield that too.
The cause could be as simple as a bad O2 sensor causing the ECU to force lean running; it could also be a partially clogged injector in one cylinder.
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Bob (son's 81-244GL B21F, dtr's 83-244DL B23F, 'my' 94-944 B230FD; plus grocery-getter Dodge minivan, hobbycar 77 MGB, and a few old motorcycles)
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