Hi Michael Kocher,
You reside in the gateway city with it's whoop-dee-freekin'-do baseball Cardinals and hockey Blues, eh?
Unfortunately, I also do reside here for a short while remaining, thankfully.
You have a host of excellent guidances in this thread, responding to your original post, to begin your diagnostic and remediation to solve the problem.
As it is a 1989 240, you have the OBD diagnostic test function. If your battery has kept a charge so the fuel injection and ignition still contain fault codes, why not try the OBD function?
From the FAQ, please see:
https://www.brickboard.com/FAQ/700-900/EngineOBDCodes.htm
For fuel injection and emissions:
https://www.brickboard.com/FAQ/700-900/EngineOBDCodes.htm#LH24FuelInjectionFault
LH 2.4 is your fault code column.
And see:
https://www.brickboard.com/FAQ/700-900/EngineOBDCodes.htm#EZK116IgnitionFaultCodes
EZK 116 is your fault code column.
Though the faulty running condition threshold to kick off an ECU OBD (on-board diagnostic) fault code is sort of forgiving for this early form on 1989+ 240s.
The OBD function may not report on intermittent faults even though such faults cause operating problems.
Your Uncle Art recommends a faulty crank position sensor (CPS). This board is full of description of what comprises a faulty CPS.
Uncle Phil (Machine Man) and your other respondents also give good guidance for items to check.
As you have a 1989 Volvo 240 in St. Louis, part of the fetid AmeriKan rust belt, and your 1989 Volvo 240 is rusty, such as rust and corroded bits in the engine bay, corrosion may be a problem at any electrically bonded interface along the engine control and power wire harnesses.
You also have help in a prior column you ask about OBD function and no-start condition.
https://www.brickboard.com/RWD/volvo/1636993/220/240/260/280/diagnostic_led_will_glow_button_pressed_talk_afterwards_240_code_codes_trouble_start_selfdiagnostic.html
What did you do about the slow coolant leak?
https://www.brickboard.com/RWD/volvo/1639986/220/240/260/280/video_looks_like_water_pump_probably_coolant_radiator_fluid_240_volvo_dl_engine_leak.html
As our Uncle Art states, we're trying to help you and want your 1989 Volvo 240 to keep on carrying on. Though we cannot use our collective remote-control telekinesis mind power to pick up and use that multimeter to help you.
If pressed, and you need in-person help, let me know here or by PM. I also reside in the fetid notion known as St. Louis, Misery.
Also, if it helps, Mike Wallace, Darren Crossey, and Tommy Martin, as the Irish Brigade, play at John D. McGurk's this month. Though none play fiddle. At least the bands there keep the fiddle bow strings well rosin-coated! Hopefully Briste returns to the states. If you enjoy Irish Traditional music.
Though 9° F now is sort of frosty out. Hot Buttered Rums, Hot Toddy's, or Irish Coffees afterward!?!?! They use the spicy John Powers whisky at McGurk's or, on request, the more malty Jameson.
I can meet you at your shop on Clayton Road though a garage would be swell.
And your 1989 240 has a manual transmission?
Do you use a Volvo literate mechanic?
https://www.brickboard.com/SHOPS/
Please advise.
Hope that helps.
MacDuffed.
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